08 · The market prices it
The insurance signal
The clearest evidence that agent risk is real is that underwriters now price it. Traditional carriers have begun filing AI exclusions into standard liability forms, and a small specialist market has emerged to sell affirmative cover back, generally on one condition: demonstrated governance first.
| Provider | Structure | Offering |
|---|---|---|
| AIUC | Standard + insurance pipeline | AIUC-1 certification (test volume varies by company: ElevenLabs' involved 5,000+ adversarial simulations, UiPath's 2,000+ risk scenarios, with at-least-quarterly retesting), used by insurers as the basis for cover. ElevenLabs was first to go live (11 February 2026); UiPath certified 9 March 2026. AIUC also has a $50M Beazley-backed product. |
| Armilla | Lloyd's coverholder / MGA | Affirmative AI liability with dedicated AI aggregate limits of $25M or more per organisation, covering AI model underperformance and AI agent mistakes. Liability backed by Chaucer, Axis and Convex; the performance warranty by Chaucer, Greenlight Re and Swiss Re. Paired with Armilla's own AI assessment. |
| Munich Re aiSure | Reinsurer programme (since 2018) | AI performance warranties and liability cover, distributed via Mosaic with up to EUR/USD/CAD 15M initial capacity, and in South Africa by iTOO Special Risks since February 2026, covering losses from non-malicious errors by agentic AI systems. |
| Mayflower / Hadron | US MGA and carrier (launched June 2026) | Launched on 24 June 2026 as a dedicated affirmative AI liability programme: affirmative grants across D&O, employment practices and E&O for enterprises deploying AI. Issued by Hadron, underwritten by Mayflower Specialty. |
| HSB (Munich Re) | Sold through partner carriers (March 2026) | AI liability for small and medium-sized businesses, added to the business policies of carriers that partner with HSB: bodily injury, property damage and advertising injury from AI systems and AI-generated content. |
| Testudo | Lloyd's Lab MGA (launched January 2026) | US mid-market generative AI liability, underwritten using proprietary litigation data, with Atrium/QBE capacity of up to $9.25M per insured; markets an audit-free, no-code-access underwriting process. |
Traditional carriers have begun filing AI exclusions into standard liability forms. W.R. Berkley has filed an absolute AI exclusion (Form PC 51380 00) across its D&O, E&O and fiduciary lines; trade press reports other carriers filing similar exclusions.
Source: National Law Review↗
Dedicated affirmative AI-liability products identified as of September 2026 include AIUC, Armilla, Munich Re's aiSure (via Mosaic and, in South Africa, iTOO), Testudo, Mayflower/Hadron and HSB. The list is not exhaustive.
Source: The Insurer↗
AXA, Allianz and Zurich have not launched a dedicated AI-agent liability product as of mid-2026, though AXA XL offers a generative-AI cyber endorsement.
Source: agentinsured.eu↗
Affirmative AI cover is also appearing inside existing lines: on 17 September 2026 Beazley confirmed affirmative AI cover in its US cyber and tech E&O policies.
Source: Beazley↗
Several leading AI insurers (Armilla, AIUC) tie underwriting to governance and audit documentation; this is not universal. Testudo markets an audit-free, no-code-access process.
Source: testudo.co↗